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Consultation draft of the Surat UWIR 2025 is released

The Surat UWIR is a statutory report to provide for a three yearly iterative assessment of cumulative groundwater impacts from CSG, coal mining and conventional oil and gas development in the Surat Cumulative Management Area (CMA) and review the strategies for managing those impacts.

OGIA has now released the consultation draft of the Surat UWIR 2025 to seek submissions from tenure holders, bore owners and the public.

The submission form (PDF, 166KB) provides information about how to make submissions, which close on 21 November 2025.

OGIA will consider submissions in finalising the report for approval by DETSI. Following the approval, the UWIR 2025 will take effect and supersede the UWIR from 2021 on implementation of the management strategies.

OGIA is also releasing a non-statutory summary of the assessment, in the form of an Atlas of maps and illustrations for cumulative groundwater impact assessment and management in the Surat Cumulative Management Area from coal seam gas, conventional petroleum and gas and mining development (PDF, 28MB).

OGIA has also updated the Bore search tool, enabling users to search for information about predicted groundwater impacts at the location of a bore.

Further scientific and technical details on elements of the UWIR are available below.

UWIR report cover

Current Surat UWIR 2021

The Underground Water Impact Report 2021 for the Surat Cumulative Management Area came into effect on 1 May 2022. It remains in force until the recently released consultation draft of the UWIR 2025 is finalised and approved.

PublicationSummary Date submitted Date approved
Surat UWIR 2021 (PDF, 17MB) Underground Water Impact Report for the Surat Cumulative Management Area 2021 17 December 2021 28 March 2022
Appendices: Surat UWIR 2021 (PDF, 11MB) Additional and technical information referred to in the Surat UWIR 2021 17 December 2021 28 March 2022
Consultation submission summary report (PDF, 1MB) Information about the consultation period for the draft Surat UWIR 2021, a summary of the responses received and changes made in preparing the final report 17 December 2021 28 March 2022
Public notice: approval of the Surat UWIR 2021 (PDF, 38KB) Statutory notice announcing the approval of the Surat UWIR 2021 by DETSI 31 March 2022 Not applicable
Annual review 2024 (PDF, 931KB) Annual review 2024 for the Surat UWIR 2021 16 January 2025 Not applicable
Addendum report 2025 for the Surat UWIR 2021 (PDF, 534KB) Addendum report 2025 for the Surat UWIR 2021 17 April 2025 22 May 2025
Decision notice of approval of the amended Surat UWIR 2021 (PDF, 323KB) DETSI decision notice of approval of the amended Surat UWIR 2021 22 May 2025 Not applicable
Previous Surat UWIRs
UWIR Approval Date Take effect date
2019 (PDF, 37MB) 12 November 2019 16 December 2019
2016 (PDF, 6MB) 6 September 2016 19 September 2016
2012 (PDF, 4MB) 12 October 2012 1 December 2012
Previous annual reviews
Technical reports and research papers published by OGIA

UWIRs are supported by investigation, assessment and research documented in separate independent reference documents – reports, research update papers and journal articles that are published by OGIA over time. Below is a list of those publications. If you have trouble downloading these documents, please email ogia@dlgwv.qld.gov.au to request a copy.

2025

Publication title Publication type Publication Date
An updated conceptualisation of Condamine Alluvium connectivity: from regional to sub-regional scale (PDF, 3MB) Research update paper October 2025
Preprint: Hydrochemical indicators of connectivity between alluvial aquifers and underlying coal seam gas reservoirs: a case study from the Clarence-Moreton Basin, Queensland, Australia (PDF, 3MB) Journal article October 2025
A coupled hydro-mechanical modelling framework to concurrently simulate coal seam gas-induced subsidence and groundwater impacts, published in Water Resources Research Journal article July 2025
Geological model of the Condamine Alluvium area (PDF, 10MB) Research update paper July 2025
LiDAR as a technique to support mapping landscape changes in floodplains (PDF, 3MB) Background paper June 2025
Acquisition and interpretation of airborne electromagnetics in the Condamine Alluvium: a research update paper (PDF, 9MB) Research update paper June 2025
InSAR for monitoring of ground motion in the Surat Basin: a research update paper
(PDF, 4MB)
Background paper February 2025
Spatiotemporal evolution of ground movement in coal seam gas regions: insights from InSAR, published in Science of the Total Environment Journal article January 2025

2024

Publication title Publication type Publication Date
Subsidence associated with dewatering and gas extraction from coal seams: Contribution of desorption-induced coal shrinkage, published in the Journal of Hydrology Journal article May 2024
A novel methodology for assessing the potential for formation bridging in coal seam gas fields: A case study from southern Queensland, published in Gas Science and Engineering Journal article May 2024
Methodology for the assignment of aquifers to bores in the Surat and southern Bowen basins (PDF, 2MB) Research update paper January 2024
Water bores and groundwater use in the Surat and southern Bowen basins (PDF, 2MB) Research update paper January 2024

2023

Publication title Publication type Publication Date
Exploring the contribution of coal shrinkage to CSG-induced subsidence (PDF, 2MB) Research update paper April 2023

Analysis of groundwater trends to identify impacts from coal seam gas and coal mining in the Surat and southern Bowen basins (PDF, 18MB)

Technical report January 2023

2021

Publication title Publication type Publication Date
Details of the Water Monitoring Strategy for the Underground Water Impact Report 2021 (PDF, 4MB) Technical report December 2021
Status of coal seam gas and conventional petroleum and gas development in the Surat Cumulative Management Area (PDF, 5MB) Technical report November 2021
Existing and proposed coal mining in the Surat Basin (PDF, 2MB) Technical report November 2021
Surat CMA and its groundwater systems (PDF, 2MB) Technical report December 2021
Modelling of cumulative groundwater impacts in the Surat CMA: approach and methods (PDF, 4MB) Technical report December 2021
Geology and 3D geological models for Queensland’s Surat and southern Bowen basins (PDF, 6MB) Technical report December 2021
Regional flow systems and potentiometry in Queensland’s Surat and southern Bowen basins (PDF, 3MB) Technical report December 2021

2020

Publication title Publication type Publication Date
Hydrogeological characterisation of faults in the Surat Basin: assessing fault-induced connectivity between the Walloon Coal Measures and adjacent aquifers (PDF, 9MB) Technical report December 2020

2019

Publication title Publication type Publication Date
Groundwater modelling report for the Surat CMA (PDF, 15MB)
  • Appendix A Model boundaries (PDF, 9.1MB)
  • Appendix B Model layer geometry (PDF, 22.3MB)
  • Appendix C Model calibration observation locations (PDF, 46.3MB)
  • Appendix D Model pilot point locations (PDF, 37.3MB)
  • Appendix E Parameter bounds (PDF, 632KB)
  • Appendix F Summary of model calibration (PDF, 714KB)
  • Appendix G Calibration Results, UWIR 2019 Model (PDF, 85.8MB)
  • Appendix H Uncertainty Analysis Results, UWIR 2019 Model (PDF, 59KB)
  • Appendix I Uncertainty Analysis Results, UWIR 2019 Model (PDF, 7MB)
Technical report October 2019
Analysis of groundwater level trends in the Hutton Sandstone, Springbok Sandstone and Condamine Alluvium – Surat CMA (PDF, 20MB) Technical report December 2019
Technical summary: terrestrial groundwater-dependent ecosystems in the Surat CMA (PDF, 3MB) Technical report June 2019
Updated geology and geological model for the Surat CMA (PDF, 95MB) Technical report 2019

2017

Publication title Publication type Publication Date
Identification of gaining streams in the Surat CMA report (PDF, 2MB) Technical report March 2017

2016

Publication title Publication type Publication Date
Condamine groundwater connectivity report, main report (PDF, 6MB)
Appendices (PDF, 1MB)
Technical report August 2016
Hydrogeological conceptualisation report for the Surat CMA (PDF, 96MB) Technical report August 2016
Springs in the Surat CMA – A summary report on spring research and knowledge (PDF, 3MB) Technical report June 2016

2015

Publication title Publication type Publication Date
Wetland conceptualisation – A summary report on the conceptualisation of springs in the Surat CMA (PDF, 22MB) Technical report June 2015

Peer review

Core elements of OGIA’s scientific assessment are peer-reviewed to ensure that underlying scientific methods and techniques are fit for purpose. The process includes publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals. Journal articles published by OGIA team members are listed under 'Technical reports and research papers published by OGIA' on this page. The peer review process also involves endorsement from relevant external experts in OGIA’s Technical Advisory Group.

Technical Advisory Group

Dr Pascal Castellazzi

Dr Pascal Castellazzi is a hydrogeologist with a focus in remote-sensing. He holds a current position as a research scientist at CSIRO, looking to understand how recent developments in geodesy and remote-sensing can be used to support groundwater exploration, to help evaluate the sustainability of water resources, to make conclusions about aquifer-system dynamics, and to prevent water-related hazards. Dr Castellazzi has a PhD in groundwater depletion monitoring using GRACE and InSAR, as well as industry experience in hydrogeology and remote-sensing.

Mr Randall Cox

With 50 years of experience, Mr Randall Cox is a leading expert on water resource management and related policy formulation, with specific interest in groundwater management. Now retired, he has extensive experience in developing and implementing strategies and stakeholder management across the interface of resource and agricultural sectors in Queensland. He was centrally involved in the development of water planning, water entitlement and trading systems in Queensland. Mr Cox also led the development of a policy framework for the assessment and management of cumulative impacts in Queensland and was the general manager of OGIA for six years.

Dr Nicolas Espinoza

Dr Nicolas Espinoza is a geotechnical and reservoir engineer. He is an Associate Professor of Petroleum Engineering at the University of Texas, United States of America, researching the mechanics and physics of natural porous solids, methane recovery from microporous organic rocks, methane hydrate-bearing sediments, and geological carbon sequestration.

Dr Joseph Foley

Dr Joseph Foley is an agricultural engineer with 30 years of experience in irrigated agricultural industries. He is currently an Associate Professor in Water Engineering and Irrigation in the Centre for Agricultural Engineering at the University College of Southern Queensland, researching irrigation and agricultural hydrology, civil and agricultural hydraulics, water and energy use efficiency, and irrigation performance and management. Dr Foley currently conducts research in autonomously optimised surface and pressurised broadacre agricultural irrigation.

Mr David Gibson

Mr David Gibson is a geologist and hydrogeologist. Now retired, he was with Geoscience Australia for 48 years and has been a part of projects including geological and regolith mapping, salinity and groundwater, and airborne electromagnetic (AEM) geophysical interpretation.

Dr Phil Hayes

Dr Phil Hayes is a geologist, hydrogeologist and specialist in groundwater modelling with more than 25 years of experience. He is currently an Associate Professor of Water Resources at the University of Queensland, focusing on groundwater modelling for impact analysis, gas production reservoir modelling, gas migration in the shallow subsurface, fugitive emissions quantification, carbon capture and storage, and the geomechanical impacts of groundwater and gas extraction. His career includes more than 20 years of consultancy in hydrogeology and impact modelling for water resources, infrastructure, contaminated land, radioactive waste disposal and mining projects. Dr Hayes has also been a member of the Independent Expert Scientific Committee on Unconventional Gas Development and Large Coal Mining Development (IESC)

Dr Koroush Khoshelham

Dr Koroush Khoshelham is a spatial information engineer. An Associate Professor in the Department of Infrastructure Engineering at the University of Melbourne, his research includes photogrammetry, 3D computer vision, indoor positioning and navigation, mobile mapping, indoor mapping, building information modelling, automated interpretation of imagery and point clouds, and applications of LiDAR. Dr Khoshelham is involved in the Australasian Spatial Information Education and Research Association (ASIERA), and the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS) and serves on the editorial board of several international journals.

Dr Kevin McDougall

Dr Kevin McDougall is a surveyor with more than 40years of experience. He is currently a professor of surveying at the University of Southern Queensland in the School of Surveying and the Built Environment, teaching and researching in geospatial information systems, surveying computations and geomatic engineering, with a focus on spatial data infrastructure, spatial data modelling and data sharing. Dr McDougall has been a company director in a private surveying practice, is on the board of directors for the Institution of Surveyors Australia (Queensland Division) Bicentennial Education Foundation and is part of the International Centre for Applied Climate Sciences (ICACS).

Dr Noel Merrick

Dr Noel Merrick is a groundwater modeller, hydrogeologist and geophysicist with more than 50 years of experience in groundwater, retiring in 2009 as an Associate Professor at the University of Technology, Sydney, where he was the Director of the National Centre for Groundwater Management. Throughout his career, Dr Merrick has been involved in consultancy regarding environmental impact studies for major infrastructure, resource and mining projects. As a researcher, he pioneered methods for resource sustainability quantification and management, particularly using optimisation techniques, and has been engaged in research projects with Cooperative Research Centres for aquaculture, rice, cotton and contaminants.

Dr Catherine Moore

Dr Catherine Moore is a groundwater scientist and modeller with more than 25 years of experience across local government, groundwater consultancies and research organisations. She is currently a researcher at the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences (GNS) in Auckland, New Zealand, focusing on mathematical and empirical explorations of appropriate model complexity to enhance decision support. Dr Moore is a part-time member of the Flinders University-led Groundwater Modelling Decision Support Initiative. Her modelling interests include the developing of pragmatic tools for robust decision-support modelling, quantifying model predictive uncertainty, identifying cost-effective data acquisition and monitoring strategies, and optimising model-data assimilation.

Dr Matthias Raiber

Dr Matthias Raiber is a groundwater hydrogeologist, hydrochemist and geologist. Currently with CSIRO as a principal research scientist, he is a leading expert on the geology and hydrogeology of sedimentary basins, including the Great Artesian Basin. He specialises in the development and application of workflows integrating geological, geophysical, hydrogeological, isotope and hydrochemical information to improve understanding of the connections between deep and shallow groundwater aquifers and surface water systems. Dr Raiber has experience in isotope hydrology, 3D geological modelling, impact assessment on groundwater and coal-bearing formations and sedimentary basin hydrodynamics, (including groundwater recharge and aquifer connectivity).

Dr Brian Smerdon

Dr Brian Smerdon is a hydrogeologist with 25 years of experience. Currently, he is a research associate at the University of Alberta, Canada, in the Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, leading collaborative research initiatives that embrace field-based and modelling approaches to conceptualise groundwater circulation and its interaction with surface water, further exploring isotopic, geochemical, numerical modelling, and physical hydrogeology techniques. Prior to this, he worked in the industry at CSIRO investigating regional-scale groundwater flow processes through combined use of hydrodynamic analysis, environmental tracers, and numerical modelling and at the Alberta Geological Survey, contributing to multi-disciplinary projects in the sphere of hydrogeological characterisation, as well as various consultancies.

Mr Peter Taylor

Mr Peter Taylor is a land and water scientist (irrigation agronomist) with more than 40 years of experience in the industry. He is a director and partner of SMK Consultants, a provider of environmental and planning services for the rural sector, with a focus on preparing environmental impact statements involving rural industrial facilities and irrigation development across eastern and northern Australia. Mr Taylor is a member of Irrigation Australia, the Environment Institute of Australia and New Zealand and an approved farm water resource consultant under the NSW Sustaining the Basin program.

Dr Q J Wang

Dr Q J Wang is a hydrological forecaster with more than 15 years of experience. Currently, he is a professor at the University of Melbourne, Distinguished Visiting Professor of Tsinghua University, and Pao Yu-Kong Visiting Chair Professor of Zhejiang University, with research including statistical hydrology, hydrological modelling, optimisation, irrigation, and regional planning with a particular focus on water forecasting research projects and services. Dr Wang has published more than 150 journal papers and was co-chair of the Hydrologic Ensemble Prediction Experiment (HEPEX), an international community for research and practice of ensemble hydrological forecasting. He led the 2018 independent expert review on potential impacts of groundwater sustainable diversion limits and irrigation efficiency projects on river flow volume under the Murray-Darling Basin Plan, and in 2019-20, led an expert review of the Bureau of Meteorology’s hydrological modelling approaches.

Last updated: 31 Oct 2025